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MP1584 3a, 1.5mhz, 28v step-down converter mps confidential and proprietary information ? internal use only MP1584 rev. 1.0 www.monolithicpower.com 1 4/7/2009 mps proprietary information. unaut horized photocopy and duplication prohibited. ? 2009 mps. all rights reserved. the future of analog ic technology description the MP1584 is a high frequency step-down switching regulator with an integrated internal high-side high voltage power mosfet. it provides 3a output with current mode control for fast loop response and easy compensation. the wide 4.5v to 28v input range accommodates a variety of step-down applications, including those in an automotive input environment. a 100a operational quiescent current allows use in battery-powered applications. high power conversion ef ficiency over a wide load range is achieved by scaling down the switching frequency at light load condition to reduce the switching and gate driving losses. the frequency foldback helps prevent inductor current runaway during startup and thermal shutdown provides reliable, fault tolerant operation. by switching at 1.5mhz, the MP1584 is able to prevent emi (electromagnetic interference) noise problems, such as those found in am radio and adsl applications. the MP1584 is available in a thermally enhanced soic8e package. features ? wide 4.5v to 28v operating input range ? up to 1.5mhz programmable switching frequency ? high-efficiency pulse skipping mode for light load ? ceramic capacitor stable ? internal soft-start ? internally set current limit without a current sensing resistor ? available in soic8e package. applications ? high voltage power conversion ? automotive systems ? industrial power systems ? distributed power systems ? battery powered systems ?mps? and ?the future of analog ic technology? are registered trademarks of monolithic power systems, inc. typical application c4 100nf d1 v out 3.3v v in vin en freq gnd bst sw fb comp MP1584 en 6 10 1,2 5 4 8,9 3 7 output current (a) efficiency (%) 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 0.01 0.1 1 10 v in =12v v in =24v efficiency curve (f sw =500khz) www.datasheet.co.kr datasheet pdf - http://www..net/
MP1584 ? 3a, 1.5mhz, 28v step-down converter mps confidential and proprietary information ? internal use only MP1584 rev. 1.0 www.monolithicpower.com 2 4/7/2009 mps proprietary information. unaut horized photocopy and duplication prohibited. ? 2009 mps. all rights reserved. ordering information * for tape & reel, add suffix ?z (e.g. MP1584en?z); for rohs compliant packaging, add suffix ?lf. (e.g. MP1584en?lf?z) package reference sw en comp fb bst vin freq gnd 1 2 3 4 8 7 6 5 top view absolute maxi mum ratings (1) supply voltage (v in ).....................?0.3v to +30v switch voltage (v sw )............ ?0.3v to v in + 0.3v bst to sw .....................................?0.3v to +6v all other pins .................................?0.3v to +6v continuous power dissipation (t a = +25c) (2) ............................................................. 2.5w junction temperature ...............................150 q c lead temperature ....................................260 q c storage temperature.............. ?65c to +150 q c recommended operating conditions (3) supply voltage v in ........................... 4.5v to 28v output voltage v out ........................ 0.8v to 30v operating temperature .............?20 q c to +85 q c thermal resistance (4) www.datasheet.co.kr datasheet pdf - http://www..net/
MP1584 ? 3a, 1.5mhz, 28v step-down converter mps confidential and proprietary information ? internal use only MP1584 rev. 1.0 www.monolithicpower.com 3 4/7/2009 mps proprietary information. unaut horized photocopy and duplication prohibited. ? 2009 mps. all rights reserved. electrical characteristics v in = 12v, v en = 2.5v, v comp = 1.4v, t a = +25 q c, unless otherwise noted. parameter symbol condition min typ max units feedback voltage v fb 4.5v < v in < 28v 0.776 0.8 0.824 v upper switch on resistance r ds(on) v bst ? v sw = 5v 150 m ? ? www.datasheet.co.kr datasheet pdf - http://www..net/
MP1584 ? 3a, 1.5mhz, 28v step-down converter mps confidential and proprietary information ? internal use only MP1584 rev. 1.0 www.monolithicpower.com 4 4/7/2009 mps proprietary information. unaut horized photocopy and duplication prohibited. ? 2009 mps. all rights reserved. pin functions soic pin # name description 1 sw switch node. this is the output from the high-si de switch. a low forward drop schottky diode to ground is required. the diode must be close to the sw pins to reduce switching spikes. 2 en enable input. pulling this pin below the specifie d threshold shuts the chip down. pulling it up above the specified threshold or leaving it floating enables the chip. 3 comp compensation. this node is the output of t he error amplifier. control loop frequency compensation is applied to this pin. 4 fb feedback. this is the input to the error amplifier. the output voltage is set by a resistive divider connected between the output and gnd which scales down v out equal to the internal +0.8v reference. 5 gnd exposed pad ground. it should be connected as close as possible to the output capacitor to shorten the high current switch paths. connect exposed pad to gnd plane for optimal thermal performance. 6 freq switching frequency program input. connect a resistor from this pin to ground to set the switching frequency. 7 vin input supply. this supplies power to all the intern al control circuitry, both bs regulators and the high-side switch. a decoupling capacitor to ground must be placed close to this pin to minimize switching spikes. 8 bst bootstrap. this is the positive power supply fo r the internal floating high-side mosfet driver. connect a bypass capacitor between this pin and sw pin. www.datasheet.co.kr datasheet pdf - http://www..net/
MP1584 ? 3a, 1.5mhz, 28v step-down converter mps confidential and proprietary information ? internal use only MP1584 rev. 1.0 www.monolithicpower.com 5 4/7/2009 mps proprietary information. unaut horized photocopy and duplication prohibited. ? 2009 mps. all rights reserved. typical performanc e characteristics v in = 12v, v out =5v, c1 = 10f, c2 = 22f, l1= 10h, t a = +25 q c, unless otherwise noted. v sw 10v/div. v out ac coupled 10mv/div. i l 1a/div. v sw 10v/div. v out ac coupled 10mv/div. i l 1a/div. 1 v. steady state i out =0.1a, f sw =500khz steady state i out =1a, f sw =500khz steady state i out =2a, f sw =500khz v sw 10v/div. v out ac coupled 10mv/div. i l 2a/div. 2 v. 2 v. oscillating frequency vs r freq 10 0 1500 1000 1250 750 500 250 100 1000 www.datasheet.co.kr datasheet pdf - http://www..net/
MP1584 ? 3a, 1.5mhz, 28v step-down converter mps confidential and proprietary information ? internal use only MP1584 rev. 1.0 www.monolithicpower.com 6 4/7/2009 mps proprietary information. unaut horized photocopy and duplication prohibited. ? 2009 mps. all rights reserved. typical performanc e characteristics (continued) v in = 12v, c1 = 10f, c2 = 22f, l1 = 10h, f sw =500khz, and t a = +25 q c, unless otherwise noted. 5ms/div. startup i out = 0.1a 1ms/div. shutdown i out = 0.1a 5ms/div. startup i out = 1a shutdown i out = 1a 5ms/div. startup i out = 2a v out 2v/div. i l 1a/div. v sw 10v/div. v en 5v/div. v out 2v/div. i l 1a/div. v sw 10v/div. v en 5v/div. v out 2v/div. i l 1a/div. v sw 10v/div. v en 5v/div. v out 2v/div. i l 1a/div. v sw 10v/div. v en 5v/div. v out 2v/div. i l 2a/div. v sw 10v/div. v en 5v/div. v out 2v/div. i l 1a/div. short circuit entry i out = 0.1a to short short circuit recovery i out = short to 0.1a shutdown i out = 2a v out 2v/div. i l 1a/div. v out 2v/div. i l 2a/div. v sw 10v/div. v en 5v/div. www.datasheet.co.kr datasheet pdf - http://www..net/
MP1584 ? 3a, 1.5mhz, 28v step-down converter mps confidential and proprietary information ? internal use only MP1584 rev. 1.0 www.monolithicpower.com 7 4/7/2009 mps proprietary information. unaut horized photocopy and duplication prohibited. ? 2009 mps. all rights reserved. block diagram -- + -- + 1.5ms ss gm error amp ss 2.6v 5v i sw comp i sw vin bst sw gnd freq comp fb en ss 0v8 reference uvlo/ thermal shutdown internal regulators oscillator -- + sw -- + level shift clk v out v in v out figure 1?functional block diagram operation the MP1584 is a variable frequency, non-synchronous, step-down switching regulator with an integrated high-side high voltage power mosfet. it provides a highly efficient solution with current mode control for fast loop response and easy compensation. it features a wide input voltage range, internal soft-start control and precision current limiting. its very low operational quiescent current makes it suitable for battery powered applications. pwm control at moderate to high output current, the MP1584 operates in a fixed frequency, peak current control mode to regulate the output voltage. a pwm cycle is initiated by the internal clock. the power mosfet is turned on and remains on until its current reaches the value set by the comp voltage. when the power switch is off, it remains off for at least 100ns before the next cycle starts. if, in one pwm period, the current in the power mosfet does not reach the comp set current value, the power mosfet remains on, saving a turn-off operation. www.datasheet.co.kr datasheet pdf - http://www..net/
MP1584 ? 3a, 1.5mhz, 28v step-down converter mps confidential and proprietary information ? internal use only MP1584 rev. 1.0 www.monolithicpower.com 8 4/7/2009 mps proprietary information. unaut horized photocopy and duplication prohibited. ? 2009 mps. all rights reserved. error amplifier the error amplifier compares the fb pin voltage with the internal reference (ref) and outputs a current proportional to the difference between the two. this output current is then used to charge the external compensation network to form the comp voltage, which is used to control the power mosfet current. during operation, the minimum comp voltage is clamped to 0.9v and its maximum is clamped to 2.0v. comp is internally pulled down to gnd in shutdown mode. comp should not be pulled up beyond 2.6v. internal regulator most of the internal circuitries are powered from the 2.6v internal regulator. this regulator takes the vin input and operates in the full vin range. when vin is greater than 3.0v, the output of the regulator is in full regulation. when vin is lower than 3.0v, the output decreases. enable control the MP1584 has a dedicated enable control pin (en). with high enough input voltage, the chip can be enabled and disabled by en which has positive logic. its falling threshold is a precision 1.2v, and its rising threshold is 1.5v (300mv higher). when floating, en is pulled up to about 3.0v by an internal 1a current source so it is enabled. to pull it down, 1a current capability is needed. when en is pulled down below 1.2v, the chip is put into the lowest shutdown current mode. when en is higher than zero but lower than its rising threshold, the chip is still in shutdown mode but the shutdown current increases slightly. under-voltage lockout (uvlo) under-voltage lockout (uvlo) is implemented to protect the chip from operating at insufficient supply voltage. the uvlo rising threshold is about 3.0v while its falling threshold is a consistent 2.6v. internal soft-start the soft-start is implemented to prevent the converter output voltage from overshooting during startup. when the chip starts, the internal circuitry generates a soft-start voltage (ss) ramping up from 0v to 2.6v. when it is lower than the internal reference (ref), ss overrides ref so the error amplifier uses ss as the reference. when ss is higher than ref, ref regains control. thermal shutdown thermal shutdown is implemented to prevent the chip from operating at exceedingly high temperatures. when the silicon die temperature is higher than its upper threshold, it shuts down the whole chip. when the temperature is lower than its lower threshold, the chip is enabled again. floating driver and bootstrap charging the floating power mosfet driver is powered by an external bootstrap capacitor. this floating driver has its own uvlo protection. this uvlo?s rising threshold is 2.2v with a threshold of 150mv. the bootstrap capacitor is charged and regulated to about 5v by the dedicated internal bootstrap regulator. when the voltage between the bst and sw nodes is lower than its regulation, a pmos pass transistor connected from vin to bst is turned on. the charging current path is from vin, bst and then to sw. external circuit should provide enough voltage headroom to facilitate the charging. as long as vin is sufficiently higher than sw, the bootstrap capacitor can be charged. when the power mosfet is on, vin is about equal to sw so the bootstrap capacitor cannot be charged. when the external diode is on, the difference between vin and sw is largest, thus making it the best period to charge. when there is no current in the inductor, sw equals the output voltage v out so the difference between v in and v out can be used to charge the bootstrap capacitor. www.datasheet.co.kr datasheet pdf - http://www..net/
MP1584 ? 3a, 1.5mhz, 28v step-down converter mps confidential and proprietary information ? internal use only MP1584 rev. 1.0 www.monolithicpower.com 9 4/7/2009 mps proprietary information. unaut horized photocopy and duplication prohibited. ? 2009 mps. all rights reserved. at higher duty cycle operation condition, the time period available to the bootstrap charging is less so the bootstrap capacitor may not be sufficiently charged. in case the internal circuit does not have sufficient voltage and the bootstrap capacitor is not charged, extra external circuitry can be used to ensure the bootstrap voltage is in the normal operational region. refer to external bootstrap diode in application section. the dc quiescent current of the floating driver is about 20a. make sure the bleeding current at the sw node is higher than this value, such that: a 20 ) 2 r 1 r ( v i o o p ! current comparator and current limit the power mosfet current is accurately sensed via a current sense mosfet. it is then fed to the high speed current comparator for the current mode control purpose. the current comparator takes this sensed current as one of its inputs. when the power mosfet is turned on, the comparator is first blanked till the end of the turn-on transition to avoid noise issues. the comparator then compares the power switch current with the comp voltage. when the sensed current is higher than the comp voltage, the comparator output is low, turning off the power mosfet. the cycle-by-cycle maximum current of the internal power mosfet is internally limited. startup and shutdown if both vin and en are higher than their appropriate thresholds, the chip starts. the reference block starts first, generating stable reference voltage and currents, and then the internal regulator is enabled. the regulator provides stable supply for the remaining circuitries. while the internal supply rail is up, an internal timer holds the power mosfet off for about 50s to blank the startup glitches. when the internal soft-start block is enabled, it first holds its ss output low to ensure the remaining circuitries are ready and then slowly ramps up. three events can shut down the chip: en low, vin low and thermal shutdown. in the shutdown procedure, power mosfet is turned off first to avoid any fault triggering. the comp voltage and the internal supply rail are then pulled down. programmable oscillator the MP1584 oscillating frequency is set by an external resistor, r freq from the freq pin to ground. the value of r freq can be calculated from: freq 1.1 s 180000 r(k) f(khz) ?= www.datasheet.co.kr datasheet pdf - http://www..net/
MP1584 ? 3a, 1.5mhz, 28v step-down converter mps confidential and proprietary information ? internal use only MP1584 rev. 1.0 www.monolithicpower.com 10 4/7/2009 mps proprietary information. unaut horized photocopy and duplication prohibited. ? 2009 mps. all rights reserved. application information component selection setting the output voltage the output voltage is set using a resistive voltage divider from the output voltage to fb pin. the voltage divider divides the output voltage down to the feedback voltage by the ratio: 2 r 1 r 2 r v v out fb thus the output voltage is: 2 r ) 2 r 1 r ( v v fb out about 20a current from high side bs circuitry can be seen at the output when the MP1584 is at no load. in order to absorb this small amount of current, keep r2 under 40k ? ? ? ? www.datasheet.co.kr datasheet pdf - http://www..net/
MP1584 ? 3a, 1.5mhz, 28v step-down converter mps confidential and proprietary information ? internal use only MP1584 rev. 1.0 www.monolithicpower.com 11 4/7/2009 mps proprietary information. unaut horized photocopy and duplication prohibited. ? 2009 mps. all rights reserved. table 1?inductor selection guide part number inductance (h) max dcr ( ? www.datasheet.co.kr datasheet pdf - http://www..net/
MP1584 ? 3a, 1.5mhz, 28v step-down converter mps confidential and proprietary information ? internal use only MP1584 rev. 1.0 www.monolithicpower.com 12 4/7/2009 mps proprietary information. unaut horized photocopy and duplication prohibited. ? 2009 mps. all rights reserved. the input capacitor (c1) can be electrolytic, tantalum or ceramic. when using electrolytic or tantalum capacitors, a small, high quality ceramic capacitor, i.e. 0.1 www.datasheet.co.kr datasheet pdf - http://www..net/
MP1584 ? 3a, 1.5mhz, 28v step-down converter mps confidential and proprietary information ? internal use only MP1584 rev. 1.0 www.monolithicpower.com 13 4/7/2009 mps proprietary information. unaut horized photocopy and duplication prohibited. ? 2009 mps. all rights reserved. in this case (as shown in figure 2), a third pole set by the compensation capacitor (c6) and the compensation resistor (r3) is used to compensate the effect of the esr zero on the loop gain. this pole is located at: 3 r 6 c 2 1 f 3 p u u s the goal of compensation design is to shape the converter transfer function to get a desired loop gain. the system crossover frequency where the feedback loop has the unity gain is important. lower crossover frequencies result in slower line and load transient responses, while higher crossover frequencies could cause system unstable. a good rule of thumb is to set the crossover frequency to approximately one- tenth of the switching frequency. the table 3 lists the typical values of compensation components for some standard output voltages with various output capacitors and inductors. the values of the compensation components have been optimized for fast transient responses and good stability at given conditions. table 3?compensation values for typical output voltage/capacitor combinations v out (v) l (h) c2 (f) r3 (k ? www.datasheet.co.kr datasheet pdf - http://www..net/
MP1584 ? 3a, 1.5mhz, 28v step-down converter mps confidential and proprietary information ? internal use only MP1584 rev. 1.0 www.monolithicpower.com 14 4/7/2009 mps proprietary information. unaut horized photocopy and duplication prohibited. ? 2009 mps. all rights reserved. high frequency operation the switching frequency of MP1584 can be programmed up to 1.5mhz with an external resistor. with higher switching frequencies, the inductive reactance (x l ) of capacitor comes to dominate, so that the esl of input/output capacitor determines the input/output ripple voltage at higher switching frequency. as a result of that, high frequency ceramic capacitor is strongly recommended as input decoupling capacitor and output filtering capacitor for such high frequency operation. layout becomes more important when the device switches at higher frequency. it is essential to place the input decoupling capacitor, catch diode and the MP1584 (vin pin, sw pin and pgnd) as close as possible, with traces that are very short and fairly wide. this can help to greatly reduce the voltage spike on sw node, and lower the emi noise level as well. try to run the feedback trace as far from the inductor and noisy power traces as possible. it is often a good idea to run the feedback trace on the side of the pcb opposite of the inductor with a ground plane separating the two. the compensation components should be placed closed to the MP1584. do not place the compensation components close to or under high dv/dt sw node, or inside the high di/dt power loop. if you have to do so, the proper ground plane must be in place to isolate those. switching loss is expected to be increased at high switching frequency. to help to improve the thermal conduction, a grid of thermal vias can be created right under the exposed pad. it is recommended that they be small (15mil barrel diameter) so that the hole is essentially filled up during the plating process, thus aiding conduction to the other side. too large a hole can cause ?solder wicking? problems during the reflow soldering process. the pitch (distance between the centers) of several such thermal vias in an area is typically 40mil. external bootstrap diode it is recommended that an external bootstrap diode be added when the input voltage is no greater than 5v or the 5v rail is available in the system. this helps improve the efficiency of the regulator. the bootstrap diode can be a low cost one such as in4148 or bat54. MP1584 sw bs 5v figure 2?external bootstrap diode this diode is also recommended for high duty cycle operation (when v out /v in >65%) or low v in (<5vin) applications. at no load or light load, the converter may operate in pulse skipping mode in order to maintain the output voltage in regulation. thus there is less time to refresh the bs voltage. in order to have enough gate voltage under such operating conditions, the difference of v in ?v out should be greater than 3v. for example, if the v out is set to 3.3v, the v in needs to be higher than 3.3v+3v=6.3v to maintain enough bs voltage at no load or light load. to meet this requirement, en pin can be used to program the input uvlo voltage to vout+3v. www.datasheet.co.kr datasheet pdf - http://www..net/
MP1584 ? 3a, 1.5mhz, 28v step-down converter mps confidential and proprietary information ? internal use only MP1584 rev. 1.0 www.monolithicpower.com 15 4/7/2009 mps proprietary information. unaut horized photocopy and duplication prohibited. ? 2009 mps. all rights reserved. typical application circuits c3 100pf c6 ns c4 100nf d1 v out 1.8v v in 4.5v - 28v vin en freq gnd bst 5 8 1 4 3 7 2 6 sw fb comp MP1584 en figure 3?1.8v output typical application schematic c3 150pf c6 ns c4 100nf d1 v out 5v v in 8v - 28v vin en freq gnd bst 5 8 1 4 3 7 2 6 sw fb comp MP1584 en figure 4?5v output typical application schematic www.datasheet.co.kr datasheet pdf - http://www..net/
MP1584 ? 3a, 1.5mhz, 28v step-down converter mps confidential and proprietary information ? internal use only notice: the information in this document is subject to change wi thout notice. users should warra nt and guarantee that third party intellectual property rights are not infringed upon w hen integrating mps products into any application. mps will not assume any legal responsibility for any said applications. MP1584 rev. 0.9 www.monolithicpower.com 16 4/7/2009 mps proprietary information. unaut horized photocopy and duplication prohibited. ? 2009 mps. all rights reserved. package information soic8e (exposed pad) see detail "a" 0.0075(0.19) 0.0098(0.25) 0.050(1.27) bsc 0.013(0.33) 0.020(0.51) seating plane 0.000(0.00) 0.006(0.15) 0.051(1.30) 0.067(1.70) top view front view side view bottom view note: 1) control dimension is in inches. dimension in bracket is in millimeters. 2) package length does not include mold flash, protrusions or gate burrs. 3) package width does not include interlead flash or protrusions. 4) lead coplanarity (bottom of leads after forming) shall be 0.004" inches max. 5) drawing conforms to jedec ms-012, variation ba. 6) drawing is not to scale. 0.089(2.26) 0.101(2.56) 0.124(3.15) 0.136(3.45) recommended land pattern 0.213(5.40) 0.063(1.60) 0.050(1.27) 0.024(0.61) 0.103(2.62) 0.138(3.51) 0.150(3.80) 0.157(4.00) pin 1 id 0.189(4.80) 0.197(5.00) 0.228(5.80) 0.244(6.20) 14 85 0.016(0.41) 0.050(1.27) 0 o -8 o detail "a" 0.010(0.25) 0.020(0.50) x 45 o 0.010(0.25) bsc gauge plane www.datasheet.co.kr datasheet pdf - http://www..net/

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